Google Earth and Archaeology

Google Earth, software that uses high resolution satellite images of the entire planet to allow the user to get an incredible moving aerial view of our world, has stimulated some serious applications in archaeology--and seriously good fun for fans of archaeology.One of the reasons I love flying in airplanes is the view you get from the window. Soaring over vast tracks of land and getting a glimpse of large archaeological sites (if you know what to look for, and the weather is right, and youre on the right side of the plane), is one of the great modern pleasures of the world today. Sadly, security issues and rising costs have sucked most of the fun out of airline trips these days. And, lets face it, even when all the climatological forces are right, there just arent any labels on the ground to tell you what youre looking at anyway. Google Earth Placemarks and Archaeology But, using Google Earth and capitalizing on the talent and time of people like JQ Jacobs, you can see high resolution satellite photographs of the world, and easily find and investigate archaeological wonders like Machu Picchu, slowly floating down the mountains or racing through the narrow valley of the Inca trail like a Jedi knight, all without leaving your computer.Essentially, Google Earth (or just GE) is an extremely detailed, high resolution map of the world. Its users add labels called placemarkers to the map, indicating cities and restaurants and sports arenas and geocaching sites, all using a fairly sophisticated Geographic Information System client. After theyve created the placemarkers, the users post a link to them on one of the bulletin boards at Google Earth. But dont let the GIS connection scare you off! After installation and a little fussing with the interface, you too can zoom along the narrow steep-sided Inca trail in Peru or poke around the landscape at Stonehenge or take a visual tour of castles in Europe. Or if youve got the time to study up, you too can add placemarkers of your own.JQ Jacobs has long been a contributor of quality content about archaeology on the Internet. With a wink, he warns would-be users, Im glimpsing a possible forthcoming chronic disorder, Google Earth Addiction. In February of 2006, Jacobs began posting placemark files on his website, marking several archaeological sites with a concentration on Hopewellian earthworks of the American northeast. Another user on Google Earth is simply known as H21, who has assembled placemarkers for castles in France, and Roman and Greek amphitheatres. Some of the site placemarkers on Google Earth are simple location points, but others have lots of information attached--so be careful, like anywhere else on the Internet, there be dragons, er, inaccuracies. Survey Techniques and Google Earth On a more serious but downright exciting note, GE has also been used successfully to survey for archaeological sites. Searching for crop marks on aerial photos is a time-tested way to identify possible archaeological sites, so it seems reasonable that high resolution satellite imagery would be a fruitful source of identification. Sure enough, researcher Scott Madry, who is leading one of the oldest large-scale remote sensing projects on the planet called GIS and Remote Sensing for Archaeology: Burgundy, France, has had great success identifying archaeological sites using Google Earth. Sitting in his office at Chapel Hill, Madry used Google Earth to identify over 100 possible sites in France; fully 25% of those were previously unrecorded. Find the Archaeology Game Find the Archaeology is a game on the Google Earth community bulletin board where people post an aerial photograph of an archaeological site and players must figure out where in the world it is or what in the world it is. The answer--if its been discovered--will be in postings at the bottom of the page; sometimes printed in white lettering so if you see the words in white click and drag your mouse over the area. There simply isnt yet a very good structure to the bulletin board, so Ive collected several of the game entries in Find the Archaeology.  Sign in to Google Earth to play; you dont need to have Google Earth installed to guess. There is a bit of a process to trying Google Earth; but its well worth the effort. First, make sure you have the recommended hardware to use Google Earth without driving you and your computer crazy. Then, download and install Google Earth to your computer. Once it has been installed, go to JQs site and click on one of the links where hes created placemarks, follow another link in my collection, or simply search the Illustrated History bulletin board at Google Earth.After youve clicked on a placemark link, Google Earth will open and a marvelous image of the planet will spin to find the site and zoom in. Before flying in Google Earth, turn on the GE Community and Terrain layers; youll find a series of layers in the left hand menu. Use your mouse wheel to zoom in closer or farther away. Click and drag to move the map east or west, north or south. Tilt the image or spin the globe by using the cross-compass in the upper right hand corner.Placemarkers added by Google Earth users are indica ted by an icon such as a yellow thumbtack. Click on an i icon for detailed information, ground-level photos or further links for information. A blue-and-white cross indicates a ground level photograph. Some of the links take you to part of a Wikipedia entry. Users can also integrate data and media with geographic location in GE. For some Eastern Woodlands mound groups, Jacobs utilized his own GPS readings, linking online photography in the appropriate placemarks, and adding overlay placemarks with old Squier and Davis survey maps to display mounds now destroyed in their place.If you really get ambitious, sign up for a Google Earth Community account and read their guidelines. Placemarks you contribute will appear on Google Earth when they update. There is a fairly steep learning curve to understanding how to add placemarks, but it can be done. More details on how to use Google Earth can be found at Google Earth on About, from Abouts guide to Google Marziah Karch, or JQs Ancient Place markers page, or Abouts Space guide Nick Greenes Google Earth page. Flying and Google Earth Flying may not be an option for many of us these days, but this latest option from Google allows us to get much of the joy of flying without the hassle of going through security. And what a great way to learn about archaeology!

Russian Financial Crisis (1998) - 4161 Words

Topic 3: Russian financial crisis (1998) 1.0 Introduction Affected by the Southeast Asian financial crisis, Russia suffered from the financial crisis in May 1998 followed the crisis in October 1997. The crisis initially reflected on currency market and security market. As a result, foreign capital about one-third of the total amount of Russian national debts faced large-scale capital flight; exchange rate depreciated and stock market suffered a large setback; re-lending interest rate once reached up to 150%. Stock market, bond market and currency market basically fell into halts, and banks were incapable to handle residents’ withdrawals. (Desai, 2000) In brief, the operation of the whole financial system and economy was almost†¦show more content†¦Therefore, the Russian government planned to issue 6 billion of European bonds in 1998. On July 13 1998, the government borrowed 22.6 billion dollars from western financial institutions led by IMF. (Lucey and Voronkova, 2008) Thirdly, the government prolonged the redemption date of all the debts to relieve the repayment peak. The major problem for the Russian government was lack of debt paying ability to quick liabilities. However, most of debts at that time were short-term liabilities within one year. If the government couldn’t repay them in time, it would suffer from serious debt crisis in three years. Therefore, the government must change the term structure of repayment and repaid quick liabilities by borrowing funded debts. On August 1, the government published economic programs of stabilizing the finance, but investors had no confidence about whether the programs could have expected effects. (Shleifer and Treisman, 2000) Besides, the investors were not willing to buy Russian negotiable securities and even dumped the securities in their hands. Facing internal and external troubles, the government pushed three tough emergency measures such as enlarging the region of Rouble’s exchange rate fluctuations and turning the upper limit of Rouble’s exchange rate down to 9.5:1, delaying 90 days of repaying due external debts, and shifting the redemptions date of internal debts. Later, the Central bank straightforward announced to letShow MoreRelatedThe Russian Financial Crisis of 19982163 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction A financial crisis can be characterized by the rapid decrease in the value of financial institutions or assets. It is also common for investors to panic and withdraw money from their savings or sell off investments in anticipation of the depreciation in their value. This can be clearly seen in the Russian Financial Crisis of 1998. In the midst of making the transition from communism to capitalism, the Russian economy experienced more trouble than it had anticipated. 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One example of a currency crisis occurred in Russia in 1998 and led to the devaluation of the ruble and the default on public and private debt.1 Currency crises such as Russia’s are often thought to emerge from a variety of economic conditions, suchRead More The Causes and Consequences of the Russian Crisis of 1998 Essay2215 Words   |  9 Pages The causes and consequences of the Russian crisis of 1998 The period 1995 to mid-1997 was boom time for Russia’s financial markets. The value of the Russian bonds and stocks soared, with the participation of foreigners in these asset markets increasing rapidly. International investors’ optimism about the country’s future was lifted by stabilization policy that followed the advice of Western institutions. Russian crisis of 1998 were caused due to a number of factors, the investor risk aversion

Performance management at Marks and Spencer Essay Example For Students

Performance management at Marks and Spencer Essay Now a twenty-four hours ever-growing international trading is making quickly so to derive more net income public presentation direction is necessary. Effective public presentation direction solution improves employee gold planning, calling development, competence assessment public presentation assessment and organisational alliance. Now public presentation direction is a procedure of directing and back uping employees to work as efficaciously and expeditiously as possible in the line with demands of organisation. ( Walters ) Second public presentation direction is a development of single with competency and committedness working towards the accomplishment of shared significance full aims within an organisation which support and promote their accomplishment. ( Locate ) This definition relate to the state of affairs of the company or the civilization of the sector within which it operates. Now strategic public presentation is truly a broader construct than merely puting ends or carry oning public presentation assessments. Team is any group of people organize to work together inter dependently and co-operatively to run into the demand of their clients by carry throughing a purpose ends. Outline1 Procedure that support direction2 There are chiefly four subdivisions for the public presentation direction3 Team Aims4 S Particular:5 M- Measurable6 A Accomplishable7 R Realistic8 T Time base9 Strategic programs10 Now I would wish to discourse this subject with a one instance survey of Marks and Spencer ( M A ; S ) .11 History of Marks and Spencer:12 Performance direction at Marks and Spencer:13 Organisational Strategic Objectives of Marks and Spencer14 Work force demand:15 Tools and Techniques available to put public presentation marks16 The manner Marks and Spencer work17 Shoping trips18 Strategic planning of Marks and Spencer:19 SWOT analysis of Marks and Spencer:20 Now betterment made in line with administration21 Required public presentation mark against current public presentation:22 Monitor activities for betterment of squad public presentation.23 Decision:24 Decision: Procedure that support direction There are assorted procedures that support public presentation direction. One of them given by Robert site. Performance planning includes end scene and nonsubjective scene. Ongoing public presentation communicating. Data assemblage observation and certification. Performance assessment meeting. Performance diagnosings and coaching. Performance direction is more complex and demanding as specially when it s consider, how the face alteration concern complexness. It s besides impact upon the manner in which the administration demand to run I modern clip. There are chiefly four subdivisions for the public presentation direction Aligning squad ends with corporate scheme. For administration to accomplish strategic success, the public presentation of all strategic concern units, sections, squads and persons need to be aligned to back up strategic purposes and end Prosecuting people and developing public presentation. Building and implementing procedure that governed public presentation assessment and feedback for squads and persons. Planing or polishing the competence models and larning procedure that enable people to develop cognition, accomplishments and behavior necessary to execute at consistency high degree. Motivation and Influence. In any administration directors at all degrees to managers have to actuate employees for efficient public presentation Monitoring measurement and bettering public presentation. In public presentation direction that is necessary to supervise public presentation advancement at regular clip interval. It means acknowledging how and when the end will finish. In order to convey public presentation to acceptance betterment is besides necessary. Team Aims Objective and ends can turns a group of people to a squad focal point on a shared mission. At the most appropriate method for puting nonsubjective is smart attack that describes cardinal features of important aims. A squad must be in understanding that there are portions ends need to run into and they are able to with identify with portion vision. Aims and ends can make a group of people to a squad by assisting them on portions mission. Key features of important Aims S Particular M Measurable A Accomplishable R Realistic T Time base S Particular: First s means the aims must be specific. The nonsubjective demand stress on the action requires and communicate requires result. Team must be specific about some inquiries like who, when, why, and how making that work in the organisation M- Measurable M means mensurable. Members of squad Ar able to catch their aims they can compare consequence of whatever is mission and sing action. A Accomplishable Aims must be accomplishable and able to work out for achieve meant squad must be hold adequate beginnings. They have knowledge any other organisation 18 achieved that end squad members have to happen restriction. R Realistic Aims must be realistic for accomplishment of aims squad must be skilled ; they have money power and facilitated equipment and resources. T Time base Aims must be time-based for any of the aims there is clip bound to finish those aims. Team members have must be adequate clip to finish undertaking absolutely. When smart technique is utilizing by squad aims so directors are able to look into at regular interval towards ends. To do certain all squad members must be onn the manner of end. The concern environment is ( dynamic ) and can alter dramatically from 2nd to 2nd. Harmonizing to state of affairs of pronounced squad members must be adjust squad action, so all this stairss have to follow for successful squad aims. Cuba EssayTools and Techniques available to put public presentation marks Most of the people can swear and Marks and Spencer merchandises due to its quality. Success of this company is dependent on the people. If client find better offer in the shop than any other topographic point ; they would wish to shop in Marks and Spencer. The manner Marks and Spencer work Marks and Spencer is Your M A ; S built a promotional run based on the motto. This helps client to link with concern. Chiefly three characteristics of Marks and Spencer. Merchandise that clients wanted: Shop with better installations. Staff to supply improved service. Shoping trips In Marks A ; spencer everything is display decently. Staff are helpful and adequate available so client do non hold to blow clip for what they want and no demand to stand in long waiting line. Staff besides offers clients a more individualized services. Strategic planning of Marks and Spencer: The of import of a well analysed strategic program can non be emphasized plenty, but the consequence can be illustrated by the consequence a bad strategic analogy has on Marks and Spencer. They suffered colossal losingss in the late ninetiess. Marks and Spencer were merely believing of where to place themselves instead than believing what merchandises, monetary value does the client privation and so they did non accommodate themselves to the alterations in the market they supplied the incorrect apparels in unsympathetic shops and were overpriced, this put clients off, which lead to a arresting autumn in net income. In the aftermath of catastrophe senior directors of Marks and Spencer realized that there was something earnestly incorrect with the strategic program, a new board of managers were appointed and the scheme was revived instantly, Marks and Spencer are now recovering the iconic symbol of British shopping that they one time were so this shows non merely a strategic program is of import but a good analysed strategic program critical factor for the endurance of any concern. SWOT analysis of Marks and Spencer: Strength Marks and Spencer were renowned for their item in footings of provider control, ware and shop layout. Suppliers use the most modern and efficient production techniques. Weakness Stock generic vesture scope with broad entreaty to the populace, purchasers frequently had to do picks. Marks and Spencer ever uses British providers believing that it would give them highest quality with low cost but really some clip made them weak to dispute its rivals Opportunities To last in today s universe globalisation is of import. Marks and Spencer have a broad chance to travel more planetary to better and spread out its concern. Threats Marks and Spencer is in strong competition with GAP, Oasis, and Next. Who are offering likewise priced the merchandises and more stylish. Now betterment made in line with administration Annual turnover of Marks and Spencer is ?8.4 billion. These store interest holders are rather happy with the success of Marks and Spencer. All these point explain squad public presentation mark at shop, these set with strategic additions. Required public presentation mark against current public presentation: Each and every shop have its ain mark all the staff members are have to look into regular clip, how far off from advancement. They have to look into mark by comparing of last twelvemonth mark and so they have to follow hebdomadal mark. Weekly they have to do graph so easy company s member can aware the advancement of company. If the end is non achieved so director have to give proper preparation and proctor staff on a regular basis. Monitor activities for betterment of squad public presentation. For bettering public presentation whole administration from top degree to bottom degree have to concentrate. If the top degree direction have non plenty accomplishment and communications than whole squad is non able to finish undertaking. A director has to place hapless public presentation. Than director have to work out it out causes for choice of the end. Decision: I think that the hereafter of Marks and Spencer is unpredictable and no 1 solid theory for the endurance of organisation. Most of import issue of Marks and Spencer is to construct upon the company s already existing strength and seek to get the better of the menaces of the alteration. Decision: The given subject has try to research public presentation mark of squad. Any organisation has secure value in the retail industries and continues grow to day of the month. Management has to utilize motive theory for moral and general workers end product. Each and every organisation wants to go successful and it s depends upon employees success should be viewed over the long clip. In the quickly changing universe for organisation persons development and public presentation is really of import. Strategic planning has an overall positive consequence on any organisation it increase productiveness as a consequence of increased expeditiously and effectivity of determination devising.

Symbolic In LOTF Essay Research Paper Imagine free essay sample

Symbolic In LOTF Essay, Research Paper Imagine a clump of immature kids # 8217 ; s lives changed by being trapped on a island with no civilisation about. William Golding shows how terrorizing it can be in Lord Of The Flies, the novel that brings symbolism above all to the emotions of all that read it. The symbols that bring out the intending the best are the leading accomplishments, the fire and the conch. First, are the leading accomplishments, as are shown in the book, Ralph has. Ralph in the novel has many thoughts, leading accomplishments, and has the force he needs to make a better topographic point and seek to acquire them all place. There are three major quotation marks that prove that Ralph has what it takes. This first 1 shows he has good thoughts and can implement what he thinks should go on. Shut up, said Ralph abstractedly. He lifted the conch. We will write a custom essay sample on Symbolic In LOTF Essay Research Paper Imagine or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Seem to me we ought to hold a head to make up ones mind things ( # 22 ) . He besides shows he can be a good head and do them listen with a moving ridge of a manus. Ralph smiled and held up the conch for silence ( # 23 ) . Last, when Ralph blows the conch, as though a force is drawing them nigher, the kids go to him. By the clip Ralph had finished blowing the conch the platform was crowded ( # 32 ) . Next, one of the bigger symbols is the fire. Enforcing the regulations is one thing, but the kids would instead play than maintain the fire traveling. Ralph gives the thought for the fire, but can they maintain it traveling? There # 8217 ; s another thing. We can assist them to happen us. If a ship comes near the island they might non detect us. We must do a fire ( # 38 ) . Jack has a great thought to utilize Piggy # 8217 ; s spectacless to illume the fire. Jack pointed all of a sudden. His specs-use them as combustion spectacless ( # 40 ) ! Jack has a compulsion of hunting and it turns to the choir every bit good. They have Thursdaies vitamin E duty to maintain the fire traveling, but they get side tracked, travel hunting and the fire goes out. There was a ship. Out at that place. You said you’d maintain the fire traveling and you allow it out! He took a measure towards Jack who turned and faced him. They might hold seen us. We might hold gone place ( # 70 ) . As you can see a clump of kids are non ready for that sort of duty. Finally is the conch, it shows the start of a civilisation and regulations, but the kids can’t do a civilised topographic point without order which they don’t have. Piggy knew what the conch was at first and knew they should blow on it but all was taken recognition for by Ralph. When they foremost found it Ralph thought it was a rock in the H2O but Piggy saw it as the shell and explained what he knew about it. A rock. No. A shell. Suddenly Piggy was a-bubble with decorous excitement. S’right. It’s a shell! I seen one like that earlier. On someoneâ €™s back wall. A conch he called it. He used to blow it and so his Dendranthema grandifloruom would come. It’s of all time so valuable- ( # 15 ) . The shell emits a deep harsh note boomed. Ralph was amazed at the sound. Gosh! ( # 17 ) . He was amazed at the sound. It was a naming of the islands kids. Subsequently in the narrative, everyone would be speaking at the same clip so Ralph said he would give it to a individual and they were the lone 1s to talk. Conch? That’s what this shell’s called. I’ll give the conch to the following individual to talk. He can keep it when he’s speech production ( # 33 ) . Golding does a brilliant occupation of symbolism in his novel. Already proven are three of the chief symbols. Golding brings emotion, thought, and symbolism together in Lord Of The Flies. Those kid # 8217 ; s lives were severed, some lives perished, others dreaded by the incubuss of their memories.